An extensive literature suggests that early nutritional deficiencies have long-term implications on human capital accumulation and labor market productivity. Cash conditional transfer programs that target poor families have the potential of providing long-term benefits to those benefited early in life. This study explores the impact of Juntos, a large-scale cash conditional transfer program operating in Peru since 2005, on the nutritional status of children below the age of five years. Due to the non-experimental nature of the program, two methodologies are applied: (a) propensity score matching and diff-in-diff propensity score matching; and, (b) estimations with district and maternal fixed effects. Results suggest that the program reduced the prevalence of extreme undernutrition. In addition, conditional on being a recipient of the program, positive effects on nutritional status are found due to the length of the exposition for children with relatively well educated mothers.